IN THIS LESSON

Now you've learnt that Microgreens are sustainable and good for our planet, it's time to consider how good they are for you.

Specifically, in this chapter, I'm going to show you how Microgreens benefits you, how nutritious Microgreens are, and how they can contribute to your good health as part of a varied diet.

So. If you wonder “are Microgreens a superfood?” you'll find out why in this chapter.

Why Microgreens are good for you: Nutritious benefits

This is one of the best Microgreens benefits: the most recent estimates from FAO indicate that 840 million people do not receive enough energy from their diets to meet their needs. The overwhelming majority of these people–799 million–live in developing countries. The global toll of people affected by micronutrient deficiency is estimated to be even higher and probably exceeds two billion. Micronutrient deficiencies can exist in populations even where the food supply is adequate in terms of meeting energy requirements.

So Microgreens can diversify and enhance the nutrients content of your diet, in particular when food availability is a common constraint due to seasonal variability – it’s also a fact that the convenience and low costs Vegs in supermarkets are very attractive to families, but what it doesn’t tell you is the lack of nutrients in those Vegs.

In this chapter, I'm referencing key findings from the research and studies done in this new field (not that much to be fair!) – and yes, I've read all those paper, refresh this page with the latest research published and summarised here so you don't have to!

  • Look for the most intensely coloured Microgreens, which tend to be the most nutritious!

  • Also remember that Microgreens grown as recommended in this guide contain no pesticides (unlike nearly all Vegs you purchase from supermarkets), and only require water (even better quality than what you typically drink!)

How much Microgreens to eat per day? Simply pick Microgreens with more red colours like these red radish, for more antioxidants and add to your daily diet – it will Never be too much!

How much Microgreens to eat per day? Simply pick Microgreens with more red colours like these red radish, for more antioxidants and add to your daily diet – it will Never be too much!


Better than fully grown Vegs: Why grow Microogreens & which Microgreens are most nutritious?

According to microgreen research conducted at the University of Maryland, the 1-3 inch delicacies were found to pack anywhere from 3 to 39.4 times the nutritional content of the plant’s mature counterparts. Scientists considered the vitamin and antioxidant levels of 25 varieties of microgreens and compared the results to the full-grown versions. Cilantro showed 3 times more beta-carotene, while red cabbage showed almost 40 times greater vitamin E and 6 times more vitamin C.


“We were really surprised,” Wang said of the findings, which were published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. “Those nutrients are very important to us. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant, as well as Vitamin E, so they’re very important for us to consume.”

Because microgreens are harvested right after germination, all the nutrients they need to grow are there,” says Wang. “If they are harvested at the right time they are very concentrated with nutrients, and the flavor and texture is also good
— Wang

Which Microgreens contain the most Nutrients?

  • “Although microgreens would inherently be regarded as a healthy addition to the diet, no information is available on their nutritional content. The present study determined the concentrations of essential vitamins or provitamins A, C, E, and K1 in 25 commercially available microgreens. Results showed that different microgreens provide widely varying amounts of the four vitamins, but regardless they generally have significantly higher concentrations of these phytonutrients in comparison with mature leaves from the same plant species.”
    For more information, review the Microgreens nutrition chart in this research.

  • “Researchers found microgreens like red cabbage, cilantro, and radish contain up to 40 times higher levels of vital nutrients than their mature counterparts”

  • “While microgreens might have a slightly higher fiber content than sprouts, there is still only a small amount of fiber. Adding microgreens to your salad gives it an extra punch of flavor and nutrition but, the larger, mature greens will provide you with the right amount of fiber and water for proper digestion.”

  • Microgreens with protein: “Chia are an ideal addition to your diet thanks to their healthy unsaturated fats, fiber and satiety from the protein,” Richard

Microgreens health benefits: Packed with Vitamins

Knowing what Microgreens have the most of which vitamins is important so you can better tailor your diet. See the highlights from various research here:

  • Microgreens with vitamin E: red cabbage microgreens had 40 times more vitamin E and six times more vitamin C than mature red cabbage. Cilantro microgreens had three times more beta-carotene than mature cilantro.

  • Microgreens with Vitamin K: Vitamin C, vitamin K, and vitamin E levels were highest among red cabbage, garnet amaranth, and green daikon radish microgreens.

  • Microgreens with vitamin D: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health problem worldwide in all age groups, so make sure to add at least a couple of these Microgreens to your diet:

    • alfalfa

    • green bean

    • lima bean

    • chickpea

    • fenugreek

    • sweet pea

    • lentil

  • Microgreens with Vitamin C:

    • Kale and mustard microgreens were noted to have lower ascorbic acid than their mature counterparts (de la Fuente et al., 2019)

    • Kyriacou et al. (2019) reported that purple basil was particularly high in ascorbic acid

    • microgreens of the family Brassicaceae were found to be moderate to excellent sources of ascorbic acid, phylloquinone, carotenoids, tocopherols, glucosinolates, and polyphenols (Xiao et al., 2019)

    • Cauliflower, rapini, red radish, China rose radish, and ruby radish microgreens were found to have the greatest contents of total ascorbic acid, phylloquinone, total tocopherols, total glucosinolates, and TPC, respectively.

Do use Microgreens pea shoots for more health benefits!

Do use Microgreens pea shoots for more health benefits!

Pea Shoots have seven times the vitamin C of blueberries and eight times the folic acid of bean sprouts
— Monique Richard, RD, an adjunct professor of nutrition at East Tennessee State University.

Which minerals are in Microgreens?

Several research identified that Microgreens are a great source of various minerals, see these key findings:

  • “The most abundant element found in all the microgreen samples was potassium, followed by phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Potassium values were highest in wasabi microgreens and lowest in daikon radish microgreens.”

“Savoy cabbage microgreens have the most calcium—98 milligrams per 100 grams fresh weight—of any of the 30 Brassica microgreens studied,” “On the other end of the spectrum, peppercress has the least, with 39 milligrams per 100 grams”

says Luo.

  • Microgreens with Macroelements: Brassica microgreens are good sources of the macroelements, K and Ca, and the microelements, Fe and Zn (Xiao et al., 2016)

  • Microgreens with iron: if you need iron in your diet, then purple kohlrabi microgreens may be a good addition to the diet, with 0.75 milligrams per 100 grams fresh weight. At the opposite, if you need to avoid too much iron in your diet, don’t have this one!

  • K and Mg: Kyriacou et al. (2019) reported that basil and swiss chard microgreens were excellent sources of K and Mg, and purple basil was particularly high in ascorbic acid while green basil and coriander were especially good sources of beta‐carotene and total polyphenols

  • Pinto et al. (2015) showed that microgreen lettuce (Latuca sativa var. capitata; 2‐week old) had higher content of most minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Se, and Mo) than mature lettuce (10‐week old).

  • Microgreens with Zinc: Clover is packed with calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc

  • Sunflower Shoots: essential amino acids, sunflower greens contain high levels of folate, B complex vitamins and vitamins C, E and selenium.

Microgreens health benefits: Coriander Microgreens are good sources of beta‐carotene and total polyphenols

Microgreens health benefits: Coriander Microgreens are good sources of beta‐carotene and total polyphenols


Microgreens Health benefits: Packed with Antioxidants

Microgreens are a good source of Antioxidants which repair cell damages caused by free radicals and prevent aging of cells by promoting the production of collagen in cells.

As a general rule, try to add red coloured Vegs and here Microgreens to your diet, they most always bring you more Antioxidants than green ones.

  • “As regards bioactive compounds, Brassica microgreens were the richest in phenolic antioxidants. The microgreens also presented higher amounts of α-tocopherol and carotenoids compared to mature vegetables. In particular, broccoli microgreens and LB showed the highest amounts of vitamin E, while Asteraceae microgreens presented the highest levels of carotenoids.”

Basil is rich in polyphenols that drive gut health and general good health by reducing oxidation and inflammation
— Barry Sears, Ph.D., a leading research scientist in the field of inflammation

Good for your eyesight: Rich in carotenoid, including Beta-Carotene and Lutein

  • Microgreens with Lutein: Cilantro microgreens were richest in terms of lutein and beta-carotene.

  • Klopsch et al. (2018) found that mature leaves of pea and lupin had higher carotenoid concentrations than pea and lupin Microgreens

  • Niroula et al. (2019) found that carotenoid content increased in wheat and barley microgreens over the course of the 16‐day growth period studied

  • Microgreens grown in a hydroponic system had lower concentrations of chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols, and anthocyanins than in baby leaf or mature leaves of the same species (Bulgari, Baldi, Ferrante, & Lenzi, 2017).

  • Green basil and coriander: Kyriacou et al. (2019) reported that green basil and coriander were especially good sources of beta‐carotene and total polyphenols

  • Kale microgreens accumulated lower carotenoid contents than has been reported for mature kale; however, broccoli and cauliflower microgreens had higher concentrations than mature florets (Xiao et al., 2019)

  • Research from Frontiers in Plant Science confirms the lutein content in Microgreens can help your eyes absorb excess light intensity—which many office workers agree can lead to headaches and migraines.

The effect of storage for Microgreens nutrients:

While Microgreens are packed with nutrients, it’s critical to get them on your plate, raw, preferably just cut, rather than stored in the fridge. Here are the findings from research backing those practices:

  • Eat the Microgreens immediately after harvesting: Polash, Sakil, and Hossain (2018) demonstrated that bioactive components and antioxidant activity in mustard, radish, and cabbage microgreens degraded rapidly after harvest, so that to obtain substantial health benefits from eating microgreens, they should be consumed soon after harvest.

  • If you want to harvest Microgreens and store them, keep them in a very cold fridge! (Colder than default setting in most fridges) – better, just harvest only as needed!: Xiao et al. (2014b) reported that chlorophyll retention in radish microgreens after harvest was dramatically affected by storage temperature. When samples were stored at 1 °C, the radishes retained nearly 100% over 2‐week storage period, but when stored at 5 °C retention dropped to approximately 60%, and at 10 °C plummeted to 25%.

Why Microgreens are good for you: Health benefits

All of these nutrients are extremely important for skin, eyes, and fighting cancer and have all sorts of benefits associated with them
— says researcher Gene Lester, PhD, of the USDA.

The information here is not meant to be medical advice, so if you have any health concerns, do see a doctor! It is however based on findins from emerging scientific research (there is still less research in Microgreens than other areas of food production systems) and you should consider adding Microgreens to supplement your diet, maybe targeting varieties that have been identified to address specific healthy issues.

Why eat Microgreens? Microgreens benefits and your health questions

The compound in Broccoli may be one of the strongest anti-cancer fighters we have
— Ho said

FAQs - Microgreeens Health benefits

  • Which Microgreens are good for your health? In the research key findings above, you'll have read that red cabbage, cilantro, and radish, Broccoli deliver significant benefits – but make sure to have a varied diet, so don't start growing only those 4 Microgreens!

  • Not a single Microgreen variety will be better than others: they all bring varied nutrients and you should use them all! One however has been singled out by several studies: Broccoli seedlings possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities

  • It depends! Assuming you've grown the Microgreens in a safe way as I describe here, and are clean – then it will be some of the purest Vegs you could possibly eat.

    There is no danger of you over-eating Microgreens to consume too much of a particular nutrient as long as Microgreens are part of a balanced diet (you should still eat other Vegs too!)

  • Yes, we've demonstrated above why: “Researchers found microgreens like red cabbage, cilantro, and radish contain up to 40 times higher levels of vital nutrients than their mature counterparts”

  • As long as you grow Microgreens as recommended here, take care on the sanitation guidance in particular, ventilation, lighting, then the Microgreens grow environment will be very pure; and certainly much much safer than growing Sprouts. I also recommend if you see any mold to simply throw away that tray – it's not worth the risk to try addressing the problem with chemicals either.

  • Even better! They will bring all the fiber and nutrients you both need, with strong flavours which research has proven benefit your baby to be exposed to different tastes. And older kids just love Microgreens even when they “hate” Vegs!

    You should avoid Sprout however.

  • There is currently little scientific research to be definitive on this point. But it's clear Microgreens contribute to a healthy gut microbiome and some research is in progress.

    From a practical point of view, I haven't noticed any particular problems! 🙂

  • Certain types of stress can prevent your body from properly metabolizing sugars. The antioxidants found in Microgreens may reduce stress hormones helping to regulate cellular sugar uptake: Research backs this up in mice!

    Choe, Yu, and Wang (2018) reviewed the use of microgreens as functional foods in diet‐based disease prevention, that is, obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Huang et al. (2016) found that red cabbage microgreen supplementation had health‐promoting effects in mice fed a high fat diet. Supplementation with microgreens attenuated body weight gain, lowered low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol levels, reduced hepatic cholesterol ester and triglyceride levels, and inflammatory cytokines. Supplementation of high fat diet with mature red cabbage also had beneficial effects but did not reduce triglyceride levels. Interestingly, supplementation of low‐fat diet with red cabbage microgreens raised both low‐density lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (Huang et al., 2016).

  • As we've learnt above, Microgreens pack nutrients, antioxidants and vitamins and minerals, in particular Omega-3, zinc and magnesium which helps boost immunity.

    Try in particular Arugula, Broccoli, Kale, Lettuce, Red Cabbage, Sunnflower Microgreen

  • If your goal is to lose weight, Microgreens should be part of a balanced diet to help you lose weight: Researchers found that red cabbage Microgreens can lower cholesterol and assist in weight loss when consuming an otherwise fatty diet, see more information in The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

  • In a very recent study, The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality researchers Petre Cristian Ilie, Simina Stefanescu, and Lee Smith looked at the mean level of vitamin D, cases of COVID-19, and deaths caused by COVID-19 (April 8, 2020) per one million residents, among 20 European countries.

    “The highest average levels of vitamin D are found in northern Europe, due to the consumption of cod liver oil and vitamin D supplements, and possibly less sun avoidance. Scandinavian nations [Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland] are among the countries with the lowest number of COVID-19 cases and mortality rates per head of population in Europe”, said chief researcher, Mr. Petre Cristian Ilie, lead urologist of Queen Elizabeth Hospital King’s Lynn NHS Foundation Trust.

    So you might want to consider getting more Vitamin D from Microgreens!

  • Microgreens grown hydroponically may help with a restriction of high potassium foods which would help patients with chronic kidney disease as shown in the research here:

    “Hydroponic systems have been evaluated as a means of tailoring the optimal nutrients for the cultivar and functional benefits for intended consumers. For example, for patients with impaired kidney function requiring a low potassium diet, the nutrient solution used can be prepared with low or no potassium (Renna, Castellino, Leoni, Paradiso, & Santamaria, 2018). Puccinelli, Malorgio, Rosellini, and Pezzarossa (2019) found that selenium supplementation of the hydroponic nutrient solution for basil microgreens produced selenium‐enriched leaves and increased antioxidant capacity. Since rocket microgreens accumulate nitrogen excessively, the ability to meet E.U. vegetable nitrate limitations in rocket greens can be a challenge (Bulgari et al., 2017). Growing rocket microgreens hydroponically, Bulgari et al. (2017) controlled nitrogen content in the microgreens by limiting the nitrogen in the nutrient solution.”

  • Regular consumption of antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables can improve lipids and lower blood pressure. This means an overall reduction in cardiovascular risk factors, along with a healthy lifestyle of course!

    “High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease, and the good news is that plant-based foods like microgreens have positive effects on blood pressure. “Any plant-based food with fiber and vitamin K has the potential to lower blood pressure,” —Auslander Moreno

  • Research from the journal Future of Oncology found that sulforaphane, a compound found in broccoli Microgreens, has the potential to target cancer stem cells. This has been validated in several studies too – read more in the research gathered.

  • “While microgreens might have a slightly higher fiber content than sprouts, there is still only a small amount of fiber. Adding microgreens to your salad gives it an extra punch of flavor and nutrition but, the larger, mature greens will provide you with the right amount of fiber and water for proper digestion.”

    So yes it helps, but only if part of a balanced diet with fully grown Vegs too.

  • Researchers found that red cabbage Microgreens can lower cholesterol and assist in weight loss when consuming an otherwise fatty diet, see more information in The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

  • oods rich in polyphenols have been positively correlated to a reduced risk of several noncommunicable diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and found a positive correlation with reduced cognitive decline.

    Foods rich in polyphenols include cloves and spices, cocoa powder, berries, beans, nuts, Vegs, so given the research on how nutrients rich Microgreens are compared to fully grown Vegs;

    So you should include Microgreens as part of your balanced diet, in particular chicory, red onions, spinach which have higher polyphenols.

Photo by cottonbro on Pexels.com

“We were really surprised,” Wang said of the findings, which were published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. “Those nutrients are very important to us. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant, as well as Vitamin E, so they’re very important for us to consume.”

— Wang